Original horizontality: the idea that many kinds of rocks form in flat, horizontal layers.
Continental drift: the idea that a supercontinent split apart into pieces, the continents, which drifted in time to their present locations.
Sea-floor spreading: the idea that new crust is forming at ridges in the sea floor, spreading apart the crust on either side of the ridges.
Magma: hot, molten rock below Earth's surface.
Plate tectonics: the idea that Earth's surface is broken into plates that move.
Mantle: Earth's layer beneath the crust.
Subduction: where plates collide, the sliding of a denser ocean plate under another plate.
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